The National Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station of Hulun Buir was established in 1997 in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region. It was selected as a national key field station by the Ministry of Science and Technology in 2005, a comprehensive experiment station on the modern agricultural industry system of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China (formerly known as the Ministry of Agriculture of China) in 2008, a national remote sensing network ground station by the Ministry of Science and Technology in 2013, a high resolution remote sensing ground station by the State Administration of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense in 2015, and a National Observation and Experiment Station on Agricultural Science as well as a Green Development Experiment Station by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China in 2019 and 2020.

The research station, with an area of 216.53 hectares is located in the Sheltala farmland. It is the most well-preserved and representative area of meadow grassland with temperate climate in Eurasia. The main plant communities in the grassland include Leymus chinensis and mesophilic forbs, Stipa baicalensis, and Filifolium sibilicum.

The research station conducts field observations, scientific experiments, production consulting, technology dissemination, and talent training. It has carried out innovative research in the frontier theory of long-term grassland ecology, ecological remote sensing, smart pasture technology and regional grassland livestock husbandry production. Thus, promote the regional and national grassland technology progress and grassland ecology development.

The station has established a 400-hectare standard sample plot system that includes five grassland types and seven long-term fixed observation sample plots. In terms of mechanism exploration, the station has set up a long-term grazing experimental, a long-term mowing experimental, and a climate change experimental platforms to explore the impact of climate change and human activities on the structure and function of grassland ecosystems.

In terms of technological innovation, the experimental platforms for grassland improvement and cultivated grassland have been set up to study the basic principles and transfer methods of practical grassland technology.

In terms of methodological innovation, the station has used modern information technology to establish a large-scale sky-space-ground integrated ecological remote sensing ground verification field and developed new ecological measurement technologies that promote the application of new ground observations in grassland ecosystem research.

The station has 52 scientific researchers, 55 guest staff, and 46 graduate students.